Fingerprint recognition represents the oldest method of biometric identification, its history is going back as far as at least 6000 BC. The use of fingerprints as a personal code has a long tradition and was already used by the Assyrians, the Babylonians, the Chinese and the Japanese. Since 1897, dactyloscopy (synonym for non-computer-based fingerprint identification) has been used for criminal identification. A fingerprint consists of ridges (lines across fingerprints) and valleys (spaces between ridges). The pattern of the ridges and valleys is unique for each individual. There are two major methods of fingerprint matching: Minutiae matching and global pattern matching. The first approach analyses ridge bifurchations and endings, the second method represents a more macroscopic approach, considering the flow of ridges in terms of, for example, arches, loops and whorls. The equal-error-rate is low, therefore fingerprint recognition is very accurate. The prices of such systems compared to other biometric systems are quite low and also the user acceptance is very high.